Learn more about cannabis uses, effectiveness, possible side effects, interactions, dosage, user ratings and products that contain cannabis. If granted, this exemption permits acquisition of medicinal cannabis flowers for use in medically supervised selftreatment. Furthermore, evidence of medicinal cannabis use dating from. Marijuana, also known as cannabis or pot, has a long history of human use. In this paper the indigenous uses and ethnobotany of its seed, seed oil, stems, fibre, leaves, inflorescences and resin along with various. The medicinal use of cannabis is also called medical marijuana.
Cannabis products derived from the sativa strain are known for their energizing and uplifting effects. Uses, side effects, interactions, dosage, and warning. The use of cannabis as medicine has not been rigorously tested due to production and governmental restrictions, resulting in limited clinical research to define the safety and efficacy of using cannabis to treat diseases. Medicinal cannabis has received increased research attention over recent years due to loosening global regulatory changes. As a plant, it has fallen into two groups indica and sativa. Part 1 of the report summarises the evidence on the medicinal properties of cannabis and. What are cannabis terpenes and their medicinal uses. However, it is also known that not everyone who uses cannabis is affected. Used with limonene, along with the terpenoid citral found in many citrus fruits, lemon myrtle, lemongrass, and lemon verbena it has also been found to exert sedative and motor relaxant effects in mice. Hemp, cannabis sativa, is one of the worlds oldest sources of food and medicine, with a history that dates back ten thousand years.
The leaves are palmately compound or digitate, with serrate leaflets. The word marijuana refers to parts of or products from the plant cannabis sativa that contain substantial amounts of tetrahydrocannabinol thc. Preparative isolation of cannabinoids from cannabis sativa. If you use cannabis for medicinal purposes and have a current qualifying physicians. It has been used by humans throughout recorded history for its food, fiber and medicine. The plant now grows throughout india, the middle east, and europe. Medicinal cannabis is now available on prescription in austria, canada, the czech republic, finland, germany, israel, italy, the netherlands, portugal and spain 7. Best essential cannabis oil for sale in 2020 year buy cannabis oil online with free us delivery in our 24 hour store. An evaluation of single nucleotide polymorphism variations is being initiated and will likely be an advancing area of research. Cannabis sativa, also known as cannabis indica or indian hemp, is an annual herb of the family cannabinaceae. Cannabis sativa grows wild throughout many tropical and humid parts of the world. Medical cannabis, or medical marijuana mmj, is cannabis and cannabinoids that are prescribed by physicians for their patients.
The first pair of leaves usually have a single leaflet, the number gradually increasing up to a maximum of about thirteen leaflets per leaf usually seven or nine, depending on variety and growing conditions. Jan 25, 2019 visit marijuana doctors to start your cannabis sativa treatment. Cannabis, history of cannabis, medical cannabis, cannabinoid. We also have professionals who can help you with questions, give you recommendations and. In the 19th century, cannabis tinctures were used in britain and the us to relieve pain and nausea grinspoon and bakalar, 1993. Public survey shows widespread support for increased access to medicinal cannabis,2 yet gps and clinicians generally remain more reserved. Medical utility of cannabis sativa semantic scholar. The cannabis plant was used medically for centuries around the world until the early 1900s. If, after learning about cannabis sativa, you feel you need more information or are ready to give it a try, search for a medical marijuana doctor or find a dispensary at. Similarities and differences between indica and sativa. Weedbay 700 medicinal uses of cannabis sorted by disease.
Cannabaceae is an important medicinal plant well known for its pharmacologic and therapeutic potency. Clinical professor of psychiatry georgetown university school of medicine university of maryland school of medicine. Medicinal cannabis has been reported to have potential efficacy in reducing pain, muscle spasticity, chemotherapyinduced nausea and vomiting, and intractable childhood epilepsy. Medicinal use cannabis california cannabis health information initiative. Medical uses and emerging research on offlabel uses are.
The cannabis plant contains about 540 chemical substances. For that reason, marijuanas effects on people who are weakened because of age or illness are still relatively unknown. Many south africans should be aware that judge dennis davis in the western cape high court made a landmark ruling on the 31st march 2017 declaring that it is an infringement to ban the use of dagga by adults in private homes. While legally, there is no difference between sativa and indica, there are many differences between the sativa dominant and indicadominant cannabis strains. The whole plant or its extracts can be used to control or relieve medical or mental health conditions. A collection of clinical studies, papers and reference providing the ultimate resource for medical disorders helped by medical marijuana.
Uses, benefits and side effects of cannabis indica, sativa. Cannabis, often smoked, is used for recreational or medical purposes. Cannabaceae is one of the oldest medicinal plants used by humans. Propagation through alginate encapsulation of axillary. Overview information cannabidiol is a chemical in the cannabis sativa plant, also known as marijuana or hemp. Oct 17, 2017 medicinal use cannabis california cannabis health information initiative.
Indigenous uses and ethnobotany of cannabis sativa l. Cannabis preparations have traditionally been used as treatments for a wide variety of conditions for thousands of years in india, china, the middle east, southeast asia, south africa and south america. Is cannabismarijuanadagga legal in south africa in 2017. Nevertheless, the popularity and uses of cannabis is growing. Older people and those suffering from diseases such as cancer or aids could be more vulnerable to the drugs harmful effects, but more research is needed. Modern western scientific literature ignores their con tribution on the subject.
Mullervahl, in cannabinoids in neurologic and mental disease, 2015. Over 80 chemicals, known as cannabinoids, have been identified in the cannabis sativa. However, by the twentieth century, medical use of cannabis had largely declined, and its. For millennia, the plant has also been used for fiber, oil production, and simply as additive for food products. Stateapproved medicinal use of marijuana is a fairly new practice. It has been used by innumerable ethnic societies in asia.
Cannabis, from the plant cannabis sativa is also known as marijuana. Doctors in the usa can issue recommendations rather than prescriptions. Myrcene has been demonstrated to produce analgesic effects in laboratory testing on rats. It is a native to central asia, and long cultivated in asia, europe and china. Arab scientists were several centuries ahead of our cur rent knowledge of the curative power of hemp cannabis sativa l. Cannabis sativa has been used for centuries for its hemp fiber, as rope, and for its psychoactive resins. The medicinal use of cannabis chief clinical officer kolmac outpatient recovery centers clinical professor of psychiatry georgetown university school of medicine university of maryland school of medicine george kolodner, m. A revival of interest in the medical uses of cannabis in the 1970s. Yet its potential application in the field of psychiatry is lesser known. Update of cannabis and its medical use world health organization. Cannabis, also called marijuana, pot, weed, or hash, is a drug that comes from the cannabis sativa hemp plant. Preparative isolation of cannabinoids from cannabis sativa by.
Characterization of medicinal properties of cannabis sativa l. Characterization of medicinal properties of cannabis. The word cannabis refers to all products derived from the plant cannabis sativa. Jul 23, 2012 in principle, physicians of any discipline without additional qualifications can prescribe dronabinol prepacked or individually mixed, nabilone, and the cannabis extract, even beyond the licensed indications offlabel, to any individual patient. Fda regulation of cannabis and cannabisderived products. Historically, cannabis medical applications appear to. A brief history of the medical use of cannabis and cannabinoids. And, to capture the best of both groups, farmers and cultivators have bred hybrids over time. Propagation through alginate encapsulation of axillary buds. It has been used in religious rituals, medical practices, and simple pleasures.
Cannabis sativa is composed of different chemical constituents. The medicinal uses of cannabis and cannabinoids request pdf. The medicinal and nutritional uses of cannabis sativa chris conrad on. The chemical constituents of cannabis represent almost all of the chemical classes, for example, hydrocarbons, sugars, terpenes, steroids, flavonoids, nitrogenous compounds and amino acids. For example, increased use of marijuana, was attributed to alcohol prohibition in the u. Cannabis sativa is a cannabaceae family hemp species, which grows tall and has narrow leaves. The therapeutic potential of cannabis and cannabinoids. The medical use of preparations derived from the cannabis sativa plant has a long history. Medical use of cannabis and cannabinoids emcdda european.
Most ancient cultures didnt grow the plant to get high, but as herbal medicine. Roots 3 historical uses cannabis root has been used medicinally for centuries from different parts of the world and to treat a wide range of maladies. Individuals use these strains when they wish to feel more social, physically active and creative. The oil of the seeds, petroleum ether and methanol extracts of the whole plant of cannabis sativa belonging to the family cannabinaceae were screened for their antimicro. Pdf cannabis sativa, also known as cannabis indica or indian hemp, is an annual herb of the family cannabinaceae.
Cannabis is the preferred designation of the plant cannabis sativa, cannabis indica, and of minor significance, cannabis ruderalis. Totally or partially herbivorous captive reptiles may encounter growing marijuana plants, ingest dried stems, leaves, and flowers, or marijuana edibles. Nigella sativa is sometimes used to treat certain health conditions including asthma, bronchitis, and inflammation, and. Therefore, chemical profilebased screening, selection of high yielding elite clones and their propagation using biotechnological tools is the most. Medical marijuana is the medical use of the cannabis sativa or cannabis indica plant to relieve symptoms of, or treat diseases and conditions. Cannabis medical uses by strain type cannabis strains guide. In principle, physicians of any discipline without additional qualifications can prescribe dronabinol prepacked or individually mixed, nabilone, and the cannabis extract, even beyond the licensed indications offlabel, to any individual patient.
The first pair of leaves usually have a single leaflet, the number gradually increasing up to a maximum of about thirteen leaflets per leaf usually. Because of allogamous nature of this species, it is difficult to maintain its potency and efficacy if grown from the seeds. The oil of the seeds, petroleum ether and methanol extracts of the whole plant of cannabis sativa belonging to. Cannabis sativa has been used as an antispasmodic to control coughing, as well as an antiphlegmatic to dry up secretions such as excess phlegm by acting as a expectorant and diarrhea. Used with limonene, along with the terpenoid citral found in many citrus fruits, lemon myrtle, lemongrass, and lemon verbena it has also been found to exert sedative and motor relaxant effects in mice 3.
It is also referred to as grass, hashish, hemp, weed, marijuana and pot. Nigella sativa is a small black seed that has been used for centuries in herbal medicine. Hartsel, joshua eades, brian hickory and alexandros makriyannis introduction cannabis sativa is a remarkable plant containing many valuable natural components. Chapter 2 an evaluation of the quality of medicinal grade cannabis 25 in the netherlands chapter 3 preparative isolation of cannabinoids from cannabis sativa 39 by centrifugal partition chromatography chapter 4 quantitative analysis of cannabinoids from cannabis sativa 53 using 1hnmr. In 1980, 423 natural compounds were identified in cannabis sativa, 483 in 1995 and 489 in 2005. Californias medical cannabis laws are now included in the medicinal and adultuse cannabis regulation and safety act. Is cannabis marijuanadagga legal in south africa in 2017. The earliest report is from medieval times when the root was said. The most frequent offlabel uses of cannabis based medications are as follows. C h a p t e r 53 cannabis sativa and hemp joshua a. In 1545 cannabis spread to the western hemisphere where spaniards imported it to chile for its use as fiber. Selected companies are allowed to produce marijuana for medical use, and only certain physicians are licensed to prescribe marijuana as a therapeutic drug for. Sativa strains typically contain a higher amount of tetrahydrocannabinol thc than cannabinoids which causes more euphoria and cerebral effects than indica strains.
Hemp, or more appropriately cannabis since the form grown for fibre contains much less of the medicinally active compounds, has a very long history of medicinal use, though it is illegal to grow in many countries since the leaves and other parts of the plant are widely. Marijuana is obtained from a plant called cannabis sativa. In north america cannabis, in the form of hemp, was grown on many plantations for use in rope, clothing and paper. Dec 24, 2019 what medicinal uses might myrcene have. The seed comes from a flowering plant part of the ranunculacea family native to southwest asia and the mediterranean. The most frequent offlabel uses of cannabisbased medications are as follows. The whole plant or its extracts can be used to control or. Theres a lot of confusion about the difference between the different components of the cannabis plant, especially with current laws. The uk is notable for its failure to give any serious consideration to such reform since 1998, despite reasonable estimates of up to one million british.
The medical use of preparations derived from the cannabis sativa plant has a long. The cannabis sativa strains are more stimulating than the indica strains. Medical marijuana facts can be difficult to find because strong opinions exist, both pros and cons. A partial list of some specific medicinal uses of cannabis sativa follows. The complete genomes for cannabis sativa 400 million bases and cannabis indica were recently sequenced by a company, medical genomics, and published on amazons ec2 cloud computing service. The debate over the supposed medical benefits of cannabis remains extremely. The medicinal use of cannabis predates written history.
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